Drugs

• Caffeine
• Cannabis and other recreational drugs
• Drug addiction

Caffeine

Caffeine is a drug found in coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, some cold remedies and it's also added to some soft drinks and 'energy' drinks. Caffeine is a stimulant; it speeds up the working of the body. Your body metabolises (uses) caffeine more slowly during pregnancy, and for about a month after the birth.

It's important not to have more than 300mg of caffeine a day. This is because some research studies have suggested that a high intake of caffeine during pregnancy may possibly be related to an increased risk of miscarriage, small babies and birth defects. Although this link has not been proven, experts recommend that pregnant women (and women planning a pregnancy) avoid too much caffeine.

One can of cola, for instance, can contain up to 40mg of caffeine.

Each of these contains roughly 300mg of caffeine (as recommended by The Foods Standard Agency):

* 3 mugs of instant coffee (100mg each)
* 4 cups of instant coffee (75mg each)
* 3 cups of brewed coffee (100mg each)
* 6 cups of tea (50mg each)
* 8 cans of cola
* 4 cans of 'energy' drink (up to 80mg each)
* 8 (50g) bars of plain chocolate (up to 50mg each).

Caffeine in milk chocolate is about half that of plain chocolate So, having a bar of plain chocolate and 3 cups of tea, a can of cola and a cup of instant coffee in a day will take you up to the 300mg limit.

Cannabis and other narcotic drugs

Using any recreational drug may put your baby's health at risk.

Regular abuse of cannabis may:

• Lead to premature birth
• Make your baby jumpy and irritable during the early weeks of his life
• Slow his development

The risks of other illegal drugs to your baby include:

• Heart problems (amphetamines, Ecstasy and cocaine)
• Very low birthweight (glue sniffing, amphetamines, Ecstasy and heroin)
• Bladder and kidney problems (glue sniffing and cocaine)
• Gangrenous toes and fingers (cocaine)

We do not know what harm may be caused by abuse of LSD or prescription drugs such as tranquillisers and sedatives. Most drugs seem to increase the risk of premature birth and make babies difficult to settle during the early weeks.

Experts do not know for sure what effect any of these drugs may have on your baby’s long-term mental development. Some experts think that damage may not be permanent.

Drug addiction

Midwives and doctors know that women who abuse drugs during pregnancy need sympathetic support rather than criticism. Many maternity units now have staff specially trained to help women who abuse drugs. You and your baby need not be separated.

It is safe to give up drugs during pregnancy, although it is best if you have skilled advice and support. Detoxification is possible at any time during pregnancy. Contact your local maternity unit or telephone the National Drugs Helpline*.