Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)

The continuous monitoring of the baby during labour, either through transducers which are attached by belts to the mother’s abdomen, or by a scalp electrode which is inserted through the mother’s vagina and attached to the baby’s scalp.

Embryo

For the first 10 weeks of pregnancy the baby is called an embryo. After this it becomes a fetus.

Engaged

The baby is said to be engaged when his head has moved down into the brim of the mother’s pelvis, taking up position for birth. Sometimes called ‘lightening’ as many women find it easier to breathe and move around once the head is engaged.

Entonox

A mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide, inhaled through a mask or mouthpiece by the mother during labour for pain relief. Also called gas and air or gas and oxygen.

Epidural

An injection of local anaesthetic into the lower back, given for pain relief during labour. This can be topped up via a catheter (a thin tube) that is left in place during labour. For most women an epidural takes away all the pain of contractions.

Episiotomy

A surgical cut through the tissues of the perineum (the muscles at the back of the vagina) to make more space for the baby to be born. This is stitched after the birth and the stitches can be uncomfortable for a few days.

Estimated date of delivery (EDD)

Usually calculated from the first day of the last period, and/or from ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy. This date is only intended as an approximate guide.