Bleeding in pregnancy

Bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy may be a cause for concern. There are a number of possible causes - many of them aren't serious, but some are. You should consult your doctor or midwife as soon as possible if you notice any bleeding, so that you can get prompt treatment if it turns out to be serious.

•   Bleeding in early pregnancy
•   Bleeding in later pregnancy

Is the bleeding light or heavy?

Light bleeding

Some women find that they get slight bleeding (or 'spotting') in the first few weeks of pregnancy, often around the time they would normally have their period. This happens because the pregnancy hormone levels aren't quite high enough to stop the bleeding, which comes from the lining of the womb. No treatment is required, but you may find that it helps to rest more, if you can.

Less commonly, bleeding in early pregnancy may be caused by a vaginal infection, which will need to be treated by your doctor. It can also happen as a result of a change taking place in the cells of your cervix (this is known as cervical erosion). This kind of bleeding sometimes happens after you have sex. Your doctor will advise you whether you need any treatment. Another possible cause of bleeding is a polyp in your cervix. This usually doesn't need treatment.

Heavy bleeding

If you experience heavy bleeding in early pregnancy, you should get medical advice immediately. It may be a sign of a miscarriage. Bleeding which is brown in colour, especially if it's accompanied by pain, may be a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy.

Is the bleeding light or heavy?  

Light bleeding

Slight bleeding in late pregnancy may be a sign that your labour is about to start, especially if you have a jelly-like discharge (known as a show) at the same time. It shows that your cervix is starting to get ready for your baby to be born. If you're within three or four weeks of your due date, there's no cause for concern.

As in early pregnancy, bleeding may also be caused by a vaginal infection, by cervical erosion or by a polyp. Your doctor will advise you if you need any treatment.

If you have heavy, bright red bleeding, you should seek medical help immediately. This may be caused by a low-lying placenta, or by part of the placenta coming away from the lining of your womb. Both of these conditions are serious and require medical treatment.